Oxytocin's Link To Autism

Researchers have been studying the possible causes of autism for decades, and one area of interest is the hormone oxytocin and its potential link to autism.

Oxytocin's Link To Autism

To explore the emerging role of oxytocin in autism therapy, it's important to first understand the relationship between autism and oxytocin. This section will provide an overview of autism, the role of oxytocin in the body, and the connection between oxytocin and autism.

What is Autism?

Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. It is characterized by a wide range of symptoms and challenges that can vary from person to person. Individuals with autism may have difficulties with social interactions, exhibit repetitive behaviors, show heightened sensitivities to sensory stimuli, and have specific interests or routines.

The Role of Oxytocin in the Body

Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including social bonding, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Oxytocin is often referred to as the "love hormone" or "cuddle hormone" due to its involvement in promoting feelings of trust, empathy, and attachment.

The Connection Between Oxytocin and Autism

Researchers have been studying the connection between oxytocin and autism to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the disorder. Several studies have suggested that individuals with autism may have lower levels of oxytocin or differences in oxytocin receptor genes compared to individuals without autism.

These findings have led to the exploration of oxytocin as a potential therapy for autism. It is hypothesized that increasing oxytocin levels in individuals with autism may help improve social behaviors, communication skills, and reduce anxiety. However, it's important to note that the relationship between oxytocin and autism is complex, and more research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential.

To delve deeper into the use of oxytocin as a potential therapy for autism, we will explore its effects on social behavior, communication, and anxiety in the following section.

Oxytocin as a Potential Therapy for Autism

As researchers continue to explore new avenues for autism therapy, oxytocin has emerged as a potential treatment option. Oxytocin, often referred to as the "love hormone," plays a crucial role in various social and emotional processes. Its involvement in autism has sparked interest and led to investigations into its therapeutic benefits. In this section, we will delve into three key aspects of oxytocin's potential as a therapy for autism: its effect on social behavior, its impact on communication, and its role in reducing anxiety.

Oxytocin's Effect on Social Behavior

One of the core challenges faced by individuals with autism is difficulty in social interactions and forming meaningful connections. Oxytocin has shown promise in addressing these challenges by enhancing social behavior. Research suggests that oxytocin administration may improve social cognition, empathy, and the ability to recognize facial expressions and emotions in others.

Studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism who received oxytocin treatment exhibited increased eye contact, improved social engagement, and enhanced social reciprocity. These positive effects on social behavior offer hope for individuals with autism and their families.

Oxytocin's Impact on Communication

Communication difficulties are a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder. Oxytocin therapy has shown promise in improving various aspects of communication among individuals with autism. Research suggests that oxytocin may enhance verbal and non-verbal communication skills, including speech production, comprehension, and social communication abilities.

Studies have also explored the potential benefits of oxytocin in addressing repetitive behaviors, such as stereotypic movements and restricted interests, which can impact communication. While the results are promising, individual responses to oxytocin therapy can vary.

Oxytocin's Role in Reducing Anxiety

Anxiety commonly co-occurs with autism spectrum disorder, further impacting the lives of individuals with autism and their families. Oxytocin therapy has shown potential in reducing anxiety symptoms among individuals with autism. Research suggests that oxytocin may help regulate the stress response, leading to decreased anxiety levels and increased emotional resilience.

By targeting anxiety, oxytocin therapy may indirectly improve other aspects of autism, such as social interactions and communication. While oxytocin shows promise in reducing anxiety, it is not a standalone solution. Integrating oxytocin therapy with other autism therapies, such as behavioral interventions and speech therapy, may yield more comprehensive results.

As research on oxytocin and its role in autism therapy continues to evolve, it is crucial to consult with healthcare providers and professionals who specialize in autism. They can provide guidance and support in navigating the landscape of oxytocin therapy, taking into account individual variability and response. Collaborating with therapists and specialists can help tailor treatment plans to meet the unique needs of individuals with autism and ensure the best possible outcomes.

Current Research and Findings

As the understanding of autism continues to evolve, researchers are actively studying the potential of oxytocin as a treatment for autism. Oxytocin, a hormone known for its role in social bonding and emotional regulation, has shown promise in improving certain symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Let's explore the current research and findings in this area.

Studies Investigating Oxytocin as a Treatment for Autism

Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the effects of oxytocin on individuals with autism. These studies have primarily focused on evaluating oxytocin's impact on social behavior, communication, and anxiety levels in individuals with ASD.

In one study, researchers administered intranasal oxytocin, delivered through a nasal spray, to individuals with autism. The results indicated that oxytocin increased social interaction, improved eye contact, and enhanced the ability to interpret social cues among participants. However, individual responses to oxytocin treatment can vary, and not all individuals with ASD may respond in the same way.

Limitations and Challenges in Oxytocin Research

While the potential benefits of oxytocin therapy for individuals with autism are promising, it's crucial to acknowledge the limitations and challenges that researchers face in this field. Some of the key challenges include small sample sizes, variability in response to oxytocin treatment, and the need for more rigorous and standardized research protocols.

Additionally, the long-term effects and optimal dosage of oxytocin for individuals with ASD are still being explored. Researchers continue to investigate the best delivery methods, such as nasal sprays, infusions, or other formulations, to ensure effective and safe administration of oxytocin.

Promising Results and Future Directions

Despite the challenges, studies investigating oxytocin as a treatment for autism have provided encouraging results. The potential of oxytocin to improve social behavior, enhance communication skills, and reduce anxiety in individuals with ASD offers hope for future therapeutic interventions.

Moving forward, researchers aim to address the limitations in current studies and expand their investigations. This includes conducting larger, well-controlled trials with diverse participant populations to obtain more robust and generalizable findings. Additionally, researchers are exploring the combination of oxytocin with other autism therapies to potentially enhance treatment outcomes.

By staying up-to-date with the latest research and advancements in the field of oxytocin and autism, parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals can make informed decisions regarding treatment options. Consulting with a healthcare provider experienced in autism spectrum disorders is crucial in navigating the oxytocin landscape and determining the suitability of oxytocin therapy for an individual with ASD.

Continued research in this area holds the promise of advancing our understanding of autism and providing new avenues for effective therapies that can positively impact the lives of individuals with autism and their families.

Considerations for Oxytocin Therapy

Before considering oxytocin therapy as a potential treatment option for individuals with autism, it is important to take into account several key considerations. These include safety and side effects, individual variability and response, and integration with other autism therapies.

Safety and Side Effects

Although oxytocin is naturally produced in the body and has been deemed safe for most individuals, it is essential to acknowledge potential safety concerns and side effects associated with oxytocin therapy. Common side effects may include mild headaches, nausea, or nasal irritation when administered through nasal spray. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider or medical professional who can guide you through the potential risks and benefits of oxytocin therapy.

Individual Variability and Response

As with any therapy, it is important to recognize that individual responses to oxytocin therapy may vary. Some individuals with autism may experience positive effects, such as improved social behavior and communication skills, while others may not respond as significantly. Factors such as the severity of autism symptoms, individual physiology, and other co-existing conditions may influence the response to oxytocin therapy. It is essential to closely monitor and assess the individual's progress under the guidance of healthcare professionals to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.

Integration with Other Autism Therapies

Oxytocin therapy should be considered as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that integrates various autism therapies. While oxytocin may show promising effects on social behavior, communication, and anxiety reduction, it is not a standalone solution. Collaborating with therapists and specialists who specialize in autism is crucial to develop a holistic approach that addresses the unique needs of the individual. Combining oxytocin therapy with evidence-based interventions such as behavioral therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy can provide a more comprehensive and effective treatment plan.

By considering the safety and side effects of oxytocin therapy, understanding individual variability and response, and integrating it with other autism therapies, parents, caregivers, and individuals with autism can make informed decisions regarding the potential use of oxytocin as part of their treatment plan. It is crucial to consult with healthcare professionals who specialize in autism and have experience with oxytocin therapy to ensure the best possible outcomes for individuals on the autism spectrum.

The Importance of Professional Guidance

When considering oxytocin therapy as a potential treatment for autism, it is crucial to seek professional guidance throughout the process. Consulting with a healthcare provider, collaborating with therapists and specialists, and navigating the oxytocin landscape with expert advice can help ensure the best possible outcomes for individuals with autism.

Consulting with a Healthcare Provider

Before starting any new therapy, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider who specializes in autism or developmental disorders. These professionals have the knowledge and expertise to evaluate the individual's unique needs and determine if oxytocin therapy is appropriate. They can also guide you on the proper dosage, administration method, and potential side effects. Consulting with a healthcare provider ensures that the therapy is tailored to the individual's specific requirements and overall treatment plan.

Collaborating with Therapists and Specialists

In addition to consulting with a healthcare provider, collaborating with therapists and specialists who are experienced in working with individuals with autism is crucial. These professionals, such as speech therapists, occupational therapists, and behavior analysts, can provide valuable insights into how oxytocin therapy may complement other autism therapies. They can help develop a comprehensive treatment plan that integrates oxytocin therapy effectively. Collaborating with therapists and specialists ensures a holistic approach to autism therapy and maximizes the potential benefits of oxytocin.

Navigating the Oxytocin Landscape

Navigating the landscape of oxytocin therapy can be complex and overwhelming. There are various administration methods, such as nasal sprays and injections, and it is important to understand the pros and cons of each. Additionally, factors such as the individual's age, medical history, and response to treatment may influence the selection of the most appropriate oxytocin therapy. Seeking guidance from professionals who are knowledgeable about the latest research and developments in oxytocin therapy can help navigate this landscape effectively.

By prioritizing professional guidance, individuals with autism and their caregivers can make informed decisions regarding oxytocin therapy. Consulting with a healthcare provider, collaborating with therapists and specialists, and receiving expert guidance while navigating the oxytocin landscape are essential steps towards optimizing the potential benefits of oxytocin therapy for individuals with autism.

FAQs

What is the current understanding of the link between oxytocin and autism?

Current research suggests that oxytocin may play a role in social behavior and communication deficits seen in individuals with autism. Studies have found lower levels of oxytocin in individuals with autism and have shown that administering oxytocin can improve social behavior in some individuals with autism.

Can oxytocin be used as a treatment for autism?

While some studies suggest that oxytocin could be a potential treatment for autism, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and how it could be used as a treatment. There is no cure for autism, and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, including therapy, medication, and support for families, is necessary.

Are there any risks associated with using oxytocin as a treatment for autism?

Some studies have noted potential side effects of administering oxytocin, such as gastrointestinal problems and changes in blood pressure. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before considering the use of oxytocin as a treatment for autism or any other condition.

How can parents or caregivers support individuals with autism?

Supporting individuals with autism often involves creating an environment that fosters their strengths and interests while also providing opportunities for growth and development. This may involve working closely with healthcare providers to develop individualized treatment plans, seeking out educational resources and support groups, and providing consistent structure and routine at home.

Summary

The link between oxytocin and autism is a complex area of research. While some studies have found that oxytocin can improve social behavior in individuals with autism, more research is needed to fully understand the effects of oxytocin on individuals with autism and how it could be used as a treatment. In the meantime, it is important for individuals with autism to receive a multidisciplinary approach to treatment that addresses their unique needs.

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How To Find A Great BCBA Supervisor

Understanding the Role of a BCBA SupervisorWhen seeking autism treatment, finding the right Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) supervisor is crucial. A BCBA supervisor plays a vital role in overseeing and guiding the treatment process for individuals with autism. Let's take a closer look at what a BCBA supervisor is and why their role is essential in autism treatment.What is a BCBA Supervisor?A BCBA supervisor is a professional who has earned board certification as a behavior analyst and has extensive experience working with individuals with autism. They have completed advanced coursework, gained hands-on experience, and passed a rigorous examination to obtain their certification.Typically, BCBA supervisors work directly with individuals with autism, their families, and a team of behavior technicians or therapists. They design and implement behavior intervention plans, assess progress, and provide ongoing supervision and support to ensure effective treatment.The Importance of a BCBA Supervisor in Autism TreatmentA BCBA supervisor plays a crucial role in the success of autism treatment. Here are a few key reasons why their involvement is vital:Expertise and Knowledge: BCBA supervisors possess specialized knowledge and expertise in applied behavior analysis (ABA) and autism treatment. They stay up-to-date with the latest research and best practices, enabling them to provide evidence-based interventions tailored to the unique needs of each individual.Treatment Planning and Oversight: BCBA supervisors are responsible for developing comprehensive treatment plans based on thorough assessments. They oversee the implementation of these plans, ensuring that interventions are appropriate, effective, and aligned with the individual's goals and needs.Supervision and Training: BCBA supervisors provide ongoing supervision to behavior technicians or therapists working directly with individuals with autism. Through regular meetings and observations, they offer guidance, feedback, and training to ensure the highest quality of care and treatment fidelity.Data Collection and Analysis: BCBA supervisors monitor and analyze data collected during the treatment process. This data helps them evaluate progress, make data-driven decisions, and modify intervention strategies as necessary.Collaboration and Advocacy: BCBA supervisors collaborate with other professionals, such as speech therapists, occupational therapists, and educators, to ensure a comprehensive and integrated approach to treatment. They also serve as advocates for individuals with autism and their families, helping them navigate the healthcare and educational systems.Finding a qualified and experienced BCBA supervisor is a crucial step in the autism treatment journey. Their expertise, guidance, and support can make a significant difference in the progress and overall well-being of individuals with autism.Identifying Your NeedsBefore embarking on the search for a BCBA (Board Certified Behavior Analyst) supervisor, it is important to clearly identify your goals and needs. This will help you find a supervisor who aligns with your specific requirements and can provide the support necessary for effective autism treatment.Assessing Your Goals and NeedsTo begin, take some time to reflect on your goals for autism treatment and the specific areas where you need assistance. Consider the following questions:What are your primary goals for autism treatment?Are there any specific areas of concern or challenges that you would like the BCBA supervisor to address?What are your expectations regarding the frequency and duration of supervision sessions?Do you have any preferences or requirements regarding the location or format of supervision sessions?By assessing your goals and needs, you will have a clearer understanding of the qualities and expertise you are looking for in a BCBA supervisor.Determining the Scope of Supervision RequiredThe scope of supervision required will vary depending on the individual and their unique circumstances. Consider the following factors to determine the level of supervision needed:Experience and expertise: Are you seeking a supervisor with extensive experience in working with individuals with autism or specific expertise in certain treatment approaches?Intensity of support: Do you require intensive supervision, including frequent in-person meetings and regular feedback, or are you looking for a more flexible arrangement?Treatment setting: Will the supervision primarily take place in a clinical setting, a school, or in the home environment?Legal and ethical considerations: Are there any specific legal or ethical requirements that need to be considered, such as adherence to state or local regulations?Understanding the scope of supervision required will help you narrow down your search and find a BCBA supervisor who can meet your specific needs.By assessing your goals and determining the scope of supervision required, you will be better equipped to find a BCBA supervisor who can provide the necessary support and guidance for effective autism treatment.Finding Potential BCBA SupervisorsWhen searching for a BCBA (Board Certified Behavior Analyst) supervisor, it's important to explore various avenues to find potential candidates who can meet your needs. Here are three ways to find potential BCBA supervisors:Referrals from ProfessionalsOne effective way to find a BCBA supervisor is through referrals from professionals in the field. Reach out to your child's primary care physician, pediatrician, or any other healthcare professionals who specialize in autism treatment. They often have connections with BCBA supervisors and can provide recommendations based on their knowledge and experience. Additionally, therapists, educators, and other individuals who work with individuals with autism may also be able to offer valuable referrals.Online Directories and DatabasesUtilizing online directories and databases can be a convenient and efficient method of finding potential BCBA supervisors. There are several reputable websites and platforms that provide comprehensive listings of BCBA supervisors in your area.These directories often include information about their credentials, experience, and areas of expertise, allowing you to narrow down your search based on your specific requirements. Consider using trusted directories, such as those provided by professional organizations or autism advocacy groups.Local Autism Support GroupsEngaging with local autism support groups can be an invaluable resource for finding BCBA supervisors. These groups typically consist of parents, caregivers, and individuals with autism who share information, resources, and recommendations.By connecting with these groups, you can tap into their collective knowledge and experiences to identify potential BCBA supervisors. Attend support group meetings, participate in online forums, or join social media groups dedicated to autism support in your community. These interactions can help you gather insights and recommendations from people who have firsthand experience with BCBA supervisors in your area.By exploring referrals from professionals, utilizing online directories and databases, and engaging with local autism support groups, you can broaden your search and find potential BCBA supervisors who may be a good fit for your needs. It's important to keep in mind that each method has its own advantages, so consider using a combination of approaches to maximize your chances of finding the perfect BCBA supervisor for your situation.Evaluating BCBA SupervisorsWhen searching for a BCBA (Board Certified Behavior Analyst) supervisor, it is crucial to thoroughly evaluate potential candidates to ensure they meet your specific needs. Here are some key factors to consider when evaluating BCBA supervisors:Reviewing Credentials and ExperienceReviewing the credentials and experience of BCBA supervisors is essential in determining their qualifications for the role. Look for the following information:Credential or Experience and Importance‍‍Board Certification as a BCBA: EssentialYears of Experience as a BCBA: ImportantSpecializations or Areas of Expertise: Relevant to Your NeedsContinuing Education and Professional Development: Demonstrates CommitmentTake note of the BCBA supervisor's credentials and experience to determine if they have the necessary knowledge and skills to provide effective supervision.Assessing Communication and Interpersonal SkillsEffective communication and interpersonal skills are vital for a successful BCBA supervision relationship. Consider the following factors during your assessment:Skill and Importance‍‍Active Listening: EssentialClear and Concise Communication: EssentialEmpathy and Understanding: ImportantCollaborative Approach: ImportantA BCBA supervisor with strong communication and interpersonal skills will be able to effectively communicate goals, provide feedback, and establish a positive working relationship.Requesting References and Client TestimonialsTo gain insights into the BCBA supervisor's performance and reputation, it is recommended to request references and client testimonials. This feedback can provide valuable information about their professionalism, effectiveness, and ability to work with individuals with autism.When contacting references, consider asking questions such as:How long have you worked with the BCBA supervisor?Did they demonstrate expertise in your specific needs?How did they communicate and collaborate with you?Did they provide constructive feedback and support?Were they responsive to your concerns or questions?Client testimonials can also offer valuable perspectives on the BCBA supervisor's approach and effectiveness in delivering quality supervision.By thoroughly evaluating BCBA supervisors based on their credentials and experience, communication and interpersonal skills, and client feedback, you can make an informed decision when choosing the right BCBA supervisor for your needs. Remember, finding the right fit is crucial as the BCBA supervisor will play a significant role in guiding and supporting autism treatment.Interviewing Potential BCBA SupervisorsOnce you have identified potential BCBA supervisors for autism treatment, the next step is to interview them to ensure they are the right fit for your needs. This section will guide you through the interview process, including preparing questions, discussing their approach and treatment philosophy, and addressing availability and logistics.Preparing Questions for the InterviewBefore the interview, it's helpful to prepare a list of questions to gather relevant information and assess the suitability of the BCBA supervisor. Consider the following questions:Can you tell me about your experience working with individuals with autism and your specific expertise in this area?How do you approach individualized treatment planning for your clients with autism?What strategies do you use to address challenging behaviors in individuals with autism?How do you involve the family and caregivers in the treatment process?Can you describe a successful case or outcome you have achieved with a client with autism?Asking About Approach and Treatment PhilosophyDuring the interview, it's important to ask the BCBA supervisor about their approach and treatment philosophy. Understanding their methods and beliefs will help you determine if they align with your goals and values. Consider asking the following questions:What is your overall treatment approach for individuals with autism?How do you incorporate evidence-based practices into your treatment plans?Do you take a collaborative approach, involving other professionals such as speech therapists or occupational therapists?How do you stay up-to-date with the latest research and advancements in autism treatment?Discussing Availability and LogisticsIn addition to assessing their qualifications and treatment approach, it's crucial to discuss practical matters such as availability and logistics. This will ensure that the BCBA supervisor can accommodate your needs and fit into your schedule. Consider discussing the following points:What is your availability for supervision sessions? Are you able to accommodate my preferred days and times?How frequently will supervision sessions occur, and for how long?What is your preferred mode of communication? Are you accessible for questions or concerns outside of scheduled sessions?Do you have any geographical restrictions or limitations on the areas you serve?By asking these questions and having open discussions during the interview, you can gain valuable insights into the BCBA supervisor's approach, experience, and availability. This will help you make an informed decision when selecting the right BCBA supervisor for your autism treatment journey. Remember to take notes during the interview process to compare and evaluate the candidates effectively.Making the DecisionWhen it comes to finding the perfect BCBA Supervisor, making the right decision is crucial for the success of autism treatment. It's important to carefully consider various factors and weigh the pros and cons before finalizing your choice. Trusting your instincts and starting the supervision process are also essential steps in this decision-making process.Weighing the Pros and ConsTo make an informed decision, it's helpful to weigh the pros and cons of each potential BCBA Supervisor. Consider the following factors:ProsExtensive experience in autism treatmentStrong communication and interpersonal skillsPositive client testimonialsConvenient location and flexible schedulingConsLimited availabilityHigher cost of supervisionDiffering treatment philosophyLimited references availableBy evaluating these pros and cons, you can gain a clearer understanding of the advantages and potential drawbacks associated with each BCBA Supervisor. This analysis will help you make a decision that aligns with your specific needs and goals.Trusting Your InstinctsWhile it's important to consider objective factors when choosing a BCBA Supervisor, trusting your instincts is equally valuable. Pay attention to your gut feelings and instincts during the evaluation process. If you have a positive connection with a particular BCBA Supervisor and feel comfortable discussing your concerns and goals, it may indicate a good fit.Remember that the trust and rapport between you and the BCBA Supervisor are crucial for effective collaboration. If you have reservations or doubts about a potential supervisor, it's important to listen to those feelings and continue your search until you find someone you trust and feel confident in.Starting the Supervision ProcessOnce you have made a decision and selected a BCBA Supervisor, it's time to start the supervision process. This typically involves an initial meeting to discuss goals, expectations, and logistics. The BCBA Supervisor will provide guidance, support, and ongoing supervision to ensure the effective implementation of autism treatment plans.During this initial meeting, it's important to establish clear lines of communication and discuss any specific requirements or preferences you may have. This will help set the stage for a productive and collaborative relationship between you and the BCBA Supervisor.Remember, finding the perfect BCBA Supervisor is a process that requires careful consideration and evaluation. By weighing the pros and cons, trusting your instincts, and starting the supervision process, you can make an informed decision that sets the foundation for successful autism treatment.FAQsWhat qualities should I look for in a BCBA supervisor beyond just their credentials?It's not just about the letters after their name. Seek someone who values mentorship, understands your goals, and resonates with your approach to learning.How do I know if a BCBA supervisor will be a good fit for my learning style and career goals?Look for supervisors who take the time to understand your individual learning needs and align with your professional aspirations. A good fit goes beyond just qualifications.Is it okay to ask potential BCBA supervisors about their teaching philosophy or mentoring approach?Absolutely! In fact, it's encouraged. Understanding their approach gives you insights into whether it aligns with your learning preferences and goals.Should I consider geographical location when choosing a BCBA supervisor?It depends on your preferences and the flexibility of the supervisor. Some interactions may be in person, but many supervisors are open to virtual meetings, expanding your options.How important is it to find a BCBA supervisor with experience in my specific area of interest within Applied Behavior Analysis?It can be beneficial, but it's not the only factor. A supervisor with a broad understanding of ABA principles can often guide you effectively, even if they haven't specialized in your specific area.SummaryAs we wrap up the quest to find that perfect BCBA supervisor, remember that this journey is as much about connection as it is about credentials. It's about finding someone who not only guides you professionally but also understands your unique aspirations and learning style.So, go beyond the checklist, trust your instincts, and seek a supervisor who not only helps you grow in the field of Applied Behavior Analysis but also supports you in becoming the best version of yourself. Your ideal BCBA supervisor is out there – here's to a collaborative and fulfilling professional partnership ahead!Sourceshttps://hoomhouse.com/blog/how-to-find-a-bcba-supervisorhttps://www.iloveaba.com/2014/12/are-you-great-supervisorhttps://readysetaba.com/finding-quality-supervision-for-bcba-bcba